Fabrication, Welding and Inspection

Canadian Codes

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J.A. Packer, J.E. Henderson, Hollow Structural Section Connections and Trusses - A Design Guide or with drain holes to preclude the enclosed freezing water which can split HSS members along their corners HSS members should be sealed to preclude the supply of fresh oxygen that is required for corrosion. Interior Corrosion of HSS Members Radiographic Inspection is carried out by X-rays or gamma-rays, not applicable for cracks perpendicular to the direction of rays. Ultrasonic Examination high frequency sound waves are directed into weldment, and their echo displayed on a screen. Since HSS with thin sections, this method has a little application Liquid Penetrant Inspection a penetrating red dye solution is used Magnetic Particle Inspection is for surface discontinuities like fine cracks that have not opened up enough to be visually obvious Visual Inspection , the most popular method Welding Inspection Effective length = 2 h_i/sin f_i +2 b_i K, N 50% Overlap Connections Linear interpolation between 50^o and 60^o for f_i >= 60^o: Effective length = 2 h_i/sin f_i + b_i for f_i <= 50^o: Effective length = 2 h_i/sin f_i +2 b_i K, N Gap Connections Linear interpolation between 50^o and 60^o for f_i >= 60^o: Effective length = 2 h_i/sin f_i for f_i <= 50^o: Effective length = 2 h_i/sin f_i + b_i T, Y and X Connections Effective Weld Lengths for Rectangular HSS Members Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) , similar to FCAW , but without flux chemicals. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) , a mechanized process., for flat or horizontal straight joints Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) , semi-automatic process, normally is used in workshops Welding Process Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) , manual process, the most popular method Reference: Welding for HSS Members