Assumption: Equal load on all piles, corresponding to loading over a flexible pile cap Equal settlement of all piles, corresponding to a perfectly rigid cap on the piles. The following factors are incoporated in the analysis: Factor of finite layer: Nh, normally, set h > 5L, Nh = 1.0 Factor of enlarged pile base: Ndb Factor of poisson's ratio: Nv Factor of linearly increasing modulus of elasticity: Nes Factor of finite compressibility of bearing stratum: NFE, for end-bearing piles only The shaft friction is dominant of the pile capacity for floating piles. The pile end bearing is dominant of the pile capacity for the end-bearing piles. Eb is modulus of elasticity of soil under the pile tip, Es is average modulus of elasticity of soil along the pile shaft. factor of Eb/Esis only applicable to end-bearing piles with soils between the pile tip and rock. Pile stiffness factor: K = Ep.RA / Es Ep - modulus of elasticity of the piles Es - average modulus of elasticity of soil along the pile shaft RA = Ap / (0.785 d2), Ap - the area of pile cross section, for solid pile RA = 1 The basic equation for the analysis: rk = S(r1j .Pj.akj) + r1k.Pk r1j = displacement of single pile j under unit load rk = final displacement of single pile k akj = interaction factor for spacing between piles k and j, and for the geometrical parameters of pile j Pj = the loading on pile j Nx < 31, Ny < 31 Reference: Poulos H. G., and Davis E. H., Pile Foundation Analysis and Design. John Wiley and Sons, new York.