General Functions
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Stresses for Thin-Walled Open Section Under Torsion
Shape mm mm d = b = t = w = mm mm Shape Diagram
4). Torsion for Beam to Beam Moment Connection 3). Torsion in Software (RISA, SFRAME, STAAD) Stresses for Thin-Walled Open Section Under Torsion(Maximum stress at the tip of flange)


  References:
    American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)   Design Guide 9: Torsional analysis of Structural Steel Members, Seaburg and Carter (1996)

    Salmon C. G., Johnson J. E., Steel Structures: Design and Behavior. 4th Edition. Prentice Hall, N.J.

     Handbook of Building Structural Mechanics 2nd Edition. China Architecture & Building Press (1998)


  Principal Stress of Shear and Normal Stresses (maximum at intersection of flange with web)

  1). Normal stress from axial force:   s1 = C/A
         C - axial force,   A - Area of cross section

  2). Normal stress from bending moment about strong axis (X):    s2 = Mx/Sx
         Mx - bending moment for strong axis (X),   Sx - Section modulus for strong axis (X)

  3). Pure torsional stress: t1
  4). Warping torsional stress: t2
  5). Principal stress:   s = [(s1+s2)2 +3(t1+t2)2]0.5
        s < 0.6 Fy

2). Analogy Between Torsion and Plane Bending1). Analysis Based on the Theory of ElasticityTorsionally Fixed support = warping fixed, torsion fixedTorsional Simple support = warping free, torsion fixed
Member and Loading mm m L = e = x = P = kN m Supports Loading Case
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